Rules tracker
What the rules actually require, where they stand, and when we last checked. Not legal advice — talk to communications counsel. If a state isn't listed, we haven't verified it yet; see the Public Citizen and NCSL trackers linked below.
| Jurisdiction | Rule | Applies to | Status | Effective | Last checked | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States (federal) | FCC NPRM: Disclosure and Transparency of AI-Generated Content in Political Ads (MB Docket 24-211) NPRM adopted 2024. As of Oct 2026 the docket is open but the FCC has not acted (Radio World, Oct 8, 2026). | Broadcast radio/TV and certain cable/satellite political ads: on-air AI disclosure + political-file notice | Proposed – no final rule | n/a | 2026-10-22 | FCC NPRM announcement (2024-07) NPRM text (FCC 24-74) (2024) Radio World (Skall) (2026-10-08) |
| United States (federal) | Executive Order 14365 – Ensuring a National Policy Framework for AI State laws remain enforceable unless a court or Congress preempts them. | Directs federal agencies/DOJ to challenge state AI laws; does not itself preempt them | In effect (directive) | 2025-12-11 | 2026-10-22 | Federal Register (2025-12-16) |
| California | AB 2355 (Gov. Code §84514) – AI disclosure in political ads Obligation is primarily on the committee, not the station. | Political committees creating/distributing qualifying ads; radio ads need a spoken disclosure: 'Ad generated or substantially altered using artificial intelligence.' | In effect | 2025-01-01 | 2026-10-22 | Gov. Code §84514 AB 2355 bill text (2024) Radio World (Skall) (2026-10-08) |
| California | California AI Transparency Act (CAITA) Most stations not directly covered; affects tools they use. | Large GenAI providers (>1M monthly users): detection tools and embedded provenance in AI audio/video; capture-device makers from 2028 | In effect | 2026-08-02 | 2026-10-22 | Radio World (Skall) (2026-10-08) |
| New York | Synthetic performer disclosure in advertising Exact effective date computed from NYSBA summary; verify against statute. | Ad creators using computer-generated human performers; audio-only (radio & podcast) ads exempt | Enacted | ~2026-06 (180 days after Dec 2025 signing) | 2026-10-22 | NY State Broadcasters Assn. (2025-12-15) |
| Vermont | Act 75 (S.23) – Deceptive and fraudulent synthetic media in elections (17 V.S.A. §2032) | Synthetic media within 90 days of an election; broadcasters exempt for paid political ads, federally required candidate ads, qualifying news | In effect | 2026-03-05 | 2026-10-22 | Vermont Legislature – S.23 status (2026) Vermont Assn. of Broadcasters (2026) |
| Tennessee | Transparency for Deepfakes in Elections (HB1513) UNVERIFIED effective date – confirm against enacted text. | Election deepfakes; exempts broadcasters/carriers not responsible for the content | In effect (per search summary) | 2026-07-01 | 2026-10-22 | Bill text (HB1513) |
| Montana | MCA 13-35-802 – Deepfakes in election communications: disclosure | Election communications; exemptions for paid broadcasters and federally required candidate ads, news | In effect | See statute | 2026-10-22 | Montana Code Annotated |
| Michigan | Election deepfake disclosure law (2023) | Materially deceptive media within 90 days of an election must disclose manipulation | In effect | 2023 (enacted) | 2026-10-22 | NCSL: AI in elections |
| Minnesota | Election deepfake prohibition (2023, amended 2024) Prohibition rather than disclosure. | Prohibits nonconsensual election deepfakes within a pre-election window | In effect | 2023 (enacted) | 2026-10-22 | NCSL: AI in elections Broadcast Law Blog (2026-03-20) |
| Texas | SB 751 (2019) – deepfake videos in elections Video-only by its terms; limited radio relevance. | Deceptive deepfake videos within 30 days of an election (video-focused) | In effect | 2019-09-01 | 2026-10-22 | Texas bill analysis (2019) |
| US states (overview) | Patchwork: ~31 states regulate deepfakes in political communications Use the trackers for state-by-state detail; this site lists only states verified so far. | Mostly disclosure duties on ad creators; many exempt broadcasters bound by no-censorship rules, but not all | Varies by state | Varies | 2026-10-22 | Public Citizen tracker NCSL Broadcast Law Blog (2026-03-20) |
| Australia | Commercial Radio Code of Practice 2026 – AI synthetic-voice host disclosure Registered by ACMA Feb 10, 2026. Does not cover AI in weather, traffic, music or ads. | Commercial radio licensees: disclose when a regularly scheduled program or news program is hosted by an AI synthetic voice (on air, website/social, or other method) | In effect | 2026-07-01 | 2026-10-22 | ACMA: AI disclosure required (2026-02) ACMA: new code now in effect (2026-06) CRA Code (PDF) (2026-07-01) |
| European Union | AI Act Article 50 – transparency obligations Grace period to Dec 2, 2026 for Art. 50(2) marking on systems already on the market (per Digital Omnibus). | Deployers must disclose deepfake audio/video; providers must mark synthetic output machine-readably | In effect | 2026-08-02 | 2026-10-22 | European Commission FAQ Morgan Lewis (2026-08) |
| United Kingdom | Ofcom Broadcasting Code + Note to Broadcasters on synthetic media No dedicated AI-presenter disclosure rule found. | Licensed broadcasters: synthetic media must meet existing harm, accuracy, fairness and privacy rules | Guidance – no AI-specific disclosure rule | 2023 (note) | 2026-10-22 | Ofcom note to broadcasters (2023) (2023) Ofcom Broadcasting Code |
| Industry (iHeartMedia) | 'Guaranteed Human' pledge (voluntary company policy) Not a law; listed for context. | iHeart audio: no AI-generated on-air personalities, synthetic music or AI-created podcasts; AI allowed for back-office | Voluntary – in effect | 2025-11-24 | 2026-10-22 | Radio Ink (2025-12-01) Los Angeles Times (2025-11-25) |
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